Nanotechnology could be a promising field of modern agriculture, and is receiving considerable attention in the development of novel nano-agrochemicals, such as nanoinsectticides and nanofertilizers. In addition, increasing insecticide resistance in many insect pests requires novel pest control methods. Reddish brown fore wing with dark brown margin.Frequent applications of synthetic insecticides might cause environmental pollution due to the high residue. Light brown with 4-7 yellowish markings on mid-dorsal line Reddish brown fore wing with concave sunken pale area.

Male has bipectinate antenna and female has filiform antennaīrownish larva with series of black markings on lateral area Triangular spots at spiracular regionįore wing is grey with peg and spot like marking. Male has bipectinate antenna and female has filiform antennaīlack coloured with brown head. Head is pale-brownįore wing is pale brown with dark purplish brown along costal end. Two larvae / mt row is considered as ETL.īlack with pale mid-dorsal stripes. Egg, caterpillar and pupal stages last for 2 to 13, 10 to 30 and 10 to 30 days, respectively. Full-grown caterpillars enter soil and pupate in earthen cocoons. Damage is more pronounced in low-lying waterlogged areas. At night they come out, cut seedlings near ground level and eat tender parts.

Tiny caterpillars feed gregariously on foliage for a few days and then enter into soil.Ĭaterpillars are nocturnal in habit and hide during day in cracks and crevices in soil or under debris around plants. Eggs are globular in shape, ribbed and whitish in colour. A female lays 300 to 450 eggs in 10 to 15 clusters. Freshly ploughed fields are preferred for oviposition.

Moths appear after dusk, mate and lay eggs on ventral surface of leaves or moist soil.

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